آموزش زبان برنامه نویسی جولیا برای مبتدی ها

سلام.

مطلب زیر را توی وبلاگ http://julialang.blogsky.com دیدم. خودم که می خواستم جولیا را برای اولین بار یاد بگیرم و شرع کنم. به این وبلاگ برخوردم و این مطلب را دیدم. برای شروع کار راه انداز هست. همه ی دستور هایی که می بینید ممکن هست به دردتون نخوره پس به راحتی از روش رد بشید و فقط اونهایی که به دردتون می خوره را ببینید.

' 
   after the text. They can also be nested.
=

3 

3.2 

2 + 1im 

2//3 

1 + 1 
8 - 1 
10 * 2 
35 / 5 

5 / 2 

div(5, 2) 
5  35 

2 ^ 2 
12 % 10 

(1 + 3) * 2 

~2 

3 & 5 

2 | 4 

2 $ 4 

2 >>> 1 

2 >> 1  

2 << 1  

bits(12345)

bits(12345.0)

true
false

!true 
!false 
1 == 1 
2 == 1 
1 != 1 
2 != 1 
1 < 10 
1 > 10 
2 <= 2 
2 >= 2 

1 < 2 < 3 
2 < 3 < 2 

'a'

"This is a string"[1] 

str = "2 + 2 = $(2 + 2)" 

@printf "%d is less than %f" 4.5 5.3 

println("I'm Julia. Nice to meet you!")

some_var = 5 
some_var 

try
    some_other_var 
catch e
    println(e)
end

SomeOtherVar123! = 6 

ρ = 8 

2 * π 

a = Int64[] 

b = [4, 5, 6] 
b[1] 
b[end] 

matrix = [1 2; 3 4] 

push!(a,1)     
push!(a,2)     
push!(a,4)     
push!(a,3)     
append!(a,b) 

pop!(b)        

push!(b,6)   

a[1] 

a[end] 

shift!(a) 
unshift!(a,7) 

arr = [5,4,6] 
sort(arr) 
sort!(arr) 

try
    a[0] 
    a[end+1] 
catch e
    println(e)
end

a = [1:5] 

a[1:3] 
a[2:end] 

arr = [3,4,5]
splice!(arr,2) 

b = [1,2,3]
append!(a,b) 

in(1, a) 

length(a) 

tup = (1, 2, 3) 
tup[1] 
try
    tup[1] = 3 
catch e
    println(e)
end

length(tup) 
tup[1:2] 
in(2, tup) 

a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) 

d, e, f = 4, 5, 6 

(1,) == 1 
(1) == 1 

e, d = d, e  

empty_dict = Dict() 

filled_dict = Dict("one"=> 1, "two"=> 2, "three"=> 3)

filled_dict["one"] 

keys(filled_dict)

values(filled_dict)

in(("one" => 1), filled_dict) 
in(("two" => 3), filled_dict) 
haskey(filled_dict, "one") 
haskey(filled_dict, 1) 

try
    filled_dict["four"] 
catch e
    println(e)
end

get(filled_dict,"one",4) 
get(filled_dict,"four",4) 

empty_set = Set() 

filled_set = Set([1,2,2,3,4]) 

push!(filled_set,5) 

in(2, filled_set) 
in(10, filled_set) 

other_set = Set([3, 4, 5, 6]) 
intersect(filled_set, other_set) 
union(filled_set, other_set) 
setdiff(Set([1,2,3,4]),Set([2,3,5])) 

some_var = 5

if some_var > 10
    println("some_var is totally bigger than 10.")
elseif some_var < 10    
    println("some_var is smaller than 10.")
else                    
    println("some_var is indeed 10.")
end

for animal=["dog", "cat", "mouse"]
    println("$animal is a mammal")
    
end






for animal in ["dog", "cat", "mouse"]
    println("$animal is a mammal")
end





for a in ["dog"=>"mammal","cat"=>"mammal","mouse"=>"mammal"]
    println("$(a[1]) is a $(a[2])")
end





for (k,v) in ["dog"=>"mammal","cat"=>"mammal","mouse"=>"mammal"]
    println("$k is a $v")
end

x = 0
while x < 4
    println(x)
    x += 1  
end

try
   error("help")
catch e
   println("caught it $e")
end

function add(x, y)
    println("x is $x and y is $y")

    
    x + y
end

add(5, 6) 

function varargs(args...)
    retu args
    
end


varargs(1,2,3) 

tuple([1,2,3])    
tuple([1,2,3]...) 

x = (1,2,3)     
tuple(x)        
tuple(x...)     

function defaults(a,b,x=5,y=6)
    retu "$a $b and $x $y"
end

defaults('h','g') 
defaults('h','g','j') 
defaults('h','g','j','k') 
try
    defaults('h') 
    defaults() 
catch e
    println(e)
end

function keyword_args(;k1=4,name2="hello") 
    retu ["k1"=>k1,"name2"=>name2]
end

keyword_args(name2="ness") 
keyword_args(k1="mine") 
keyword_args() 

function all_the_args(normal_arg, optional_positional_arg=2; keyword_arg="foo")
    println("normal arg: $normal_arg")
    println("optional arg: $optional_positional_arg")
    println("keyword arg: $keyword_arg")
end

all_the_args(1, 3, keyword_arg=4)

function create_adder(x)
    adder = function (y)
        retu x + y
    end
    retu adder
end

(x -> x > 2)(3) 

function create_adder(x)
    y -> x + y
end

function create_adder(x)
    function adder(y)
        x + y
    end
    adder
end

add_10 = create_adder(10)
add_10(3) 

map(add_10, [1,2,3]) 
filter(x -> x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) 

[add_10(i) for i=[1, 2, 3]] 
[add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]] 

typeof(5) 

typeof(Int64) 
typeof(DataType) 

type Tiger
  taillength::Float64
  coatcolor 
end

tigger = Tiger(3.5,"orange") 

sherekhan = typeof(tigger)(5.6,"fire") 

abstract Cat 

subtypes(Number) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
subtypes(Cat) 

typeof(5) 
super(Int64) 
super(Signed) 
super(Real) 
super(Number) 
super(super(Signed)) 
super(Any) 

type Lion <: Cat 
  mane_color
  roar::String
end

Lion(roar::String) = Lion("green",roar)

type Panther <: Cat 
  eye_color
  Panther() = new("green")
  
end

function meow(animal::Lion)
  animal.roar 
end

function meow(animal::Panther)
  "grrr"
end

function meow(animal::Tiger)
  "rawwwr"
end

meow(tigger) 
meow(Lion("brown","ROAAR")) 
meow(Panther()) 

issubtype(Tiger,Cat) 
issubtype(Lion,Cat) 
issubtype(Panther,Cat) 

function pet_cat(cat::Cat)
  println("The cat says $(meow(cat))")
end

pet_cat(Lion("42")) 
try
    pet_cat(tigger) 
catch e
    println(e)
end

function fight(t::Tiger,c::Cat)
  println("The $(t.coatcolor) tiger wins!")
end


fight(tigger,Panther()) 
fight(tigger,Lion("ROAR")) 

fight(t::Tiger,l::Lion) = println("The $(l.mane_color)-maned lion wins!")


fight(tigger,Panther()) 
fight(tigger,Lion("ROAR")) 

fight(l::Lion,c::Cat) = println("The victorious cat says $(meow(c))")


fight(Lion("balooga!"),Panther()) 
try
  fight(Panther(),Lion("RAWR")) 
catch
end

fight(c::Cat,l::Lion) = println("The cat beats the Lion")

fight(Lion("RAR"),Lion("brown","rarrr")) 


fight(l::Lion,l2::Lion) = println("The lions come to a tie")
fight(Lion("RAR"),Lion("brown","rarrr")) 

square_area(l) = l * l      

square_area(5) 

code_native(square_area, (Int32,))  
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        

code_native(square_area, (Float32,))
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        

code_native(square_area, (Float64,))
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        



circle_area(r) = pi * r * r     
circle_area(5)                  

code_native(circle_area, (Int32,))
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        

code_native(circle_area, (Float64,))